| 1. | Topics include : planets , planet formation ; stars , the sun , " normal " stars , star formation ; stellar evolution , supernovae , compact objects ( white dwarfs , neutron stars , and black holes ) , plusars , binary x - ray sources ; star clusters , globular and open clusters ; interstellar medium , gas , dust , magnetic fields , cosmic rays ; distance ladder ; galaxies , normal and active galaxies , jets ; gravitational lensing ; large scaling structure ; newtonian cosmology , dynamical expansion and thermal history of the universe ; cosmic microwave background radiation ; big - bang nucleosynthesis
课程的主题包含了：行星、行星形成；恒星、太阳、正常的恒星、恒星形成；恒星演化、超新星、致密天体(白矮星、中子星及黑洞) 、波霎、双x -射线源；星团、球状及疏散星团；星际介质、气体、尘埃、磁场、宇宙射线；距离阶梯；星系、正常及活跃星系、喷流；重力透镜；大尺度结构；牛顿宇宙学、宇宙的动力膨胀及温度发展历史；宇宙背景微波辐射；大霹雳核合成。 |
